Tech

The backup rule, and the part most people skip

One copy is not a backup and a copy in the same building is only half protection. The principle is old and still correct.

Tech · EDU Aid Network

The long-standing rule is three copies of anything that matters, on two different kinds of storage, with one of them somewhere else. The last part is the one skipped, and it is the part that covers fire, flood and theft.

Cloud sync is not automatically a backup. Synchronisation propagates changes, so a deletion or a file damaged by ransomware can propagate too. Services with version history mitigate this, and knowing how far back that history goes is worth checking before relying on it.

An untested backup is an assumption. Restoring a few files occasionally is the only way to know the process works, and it is also how people discover that something important was never included.

For most households the practical shape is an automatic cloud backup plus an external drive kept somewhere else, with phone photographs explicitly included. Photographs are the thing people most regret and most often leave out.

What to do next. Check that one copy is stored somewhere else physically, and restore a few files to confirm the backup works.
studentaid.gov outranks this page. Rules, figures and dates change between academic years. This is written to help you read the official sources, not to stand in front of them. Start there.
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