How funding for graduate study differs
The sources are different from undergraduate study, and in several fields the expectation is different too.
Grant aid of the undergraduate kind is far less common at graduate level. The usual sources are assistantships, fellowships, employer support and loans, and the balance between them varies enormously by field.
In many research fields a funded place is the norm rather than an achievement: a teaching or research assistantship that covers tuition and provides a stipend in exchange for work. In professional fields the expectation is more often that the student pays.
Because of that, the question to ask a department directly is what proportion of its students are funded and in what form. That is a factual question departments can answer, and the answer should influence where you apply.
Assistantships carry a workload and a time commitment alongside study. Asking current students what the hours are in practice is more informative than the formal description.
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